Shoulder problems can be caused by various structures in the shoulder and may involve arthritis or changes in the muscles, tendons, and ligaments of the the shoulder. Structures such as the labrum, AC joint, rotator cuff, and deltoid bursa may develop pathology, leading to pain, weakness, and loss of motion.

Knee problems can be caused by various structures in and around the knee. Injuries can damage cartilage structures like the medial and lateral meniscus. Ligaments, such as the ACL, PCL, LCL, and MCL, can also be damaged by injury or overuse. With age, it is not uncommon for arthritis to develop.

Different types of conditions can develop in and around the hip joint. Injuries and accidents can cause fractures in the hip. Overuse can cause lead to conditions in the tendons and bursa around the hip, such as with trochanteric bursitis. With age, arthritis can eventually develop in the hip.

Various structure in the foot and ankle can decrease function and cause pain in the feet and ankle. Injuries from “twisting” the ankle frequently cause damage to the ligaments that help to stabilize the ankle. Overuse of ligaments and tendons in the foot can cause pain in the feet, as is seen with a condition like plantar fasciitis. Conditions like arthritis and gout can also cause pain and discomfort in the feet and toes.

Various conditions can result in pain in the elbow, forearm, wrist, and hands. Tendons in the forearm can experience overuse, as is seen with medial epicondylitis(Golfer’s Elbow) or with lateral epicondylitis(Tennis Elbow). Nerves in the forearm can be damaged and cause symptoms. Damage to the ulnar nerve at the elbow can result in “Cubital Tunnel Syndrome” and damage to the median nerve at the wrist can cause “Carpal Tunnel Syndrome”.